Publications of Kovács, M.M.

Magyar-e a nagypapa?

Kovács M. Mária Hóman Bálint

A nemzeti kisebbségek védelmének eszközei az Európai Unióban a 2004-es bővítés után

Instruments of minority protection in the European Union after the enlargement of 2004

The Politics of Non-resident Dual Citizenship in Hungary

The idea of dual citizenship emerged in Hungary with reference to a larger international process of the increasing use and tolerance of dual citizenship, partly within the European Union and partly within the East-Central European region. However, while in the major immigration states of Europe dual citizenship has been espoused above all by the political left as an instrument of integrating labour migrants, in Hungary, as in many other states of the region, the demand for dual citizenship has mostly, if not exclusively emanated from the political right and is predominantly directed at trans-border ethnic relatives. The novel aspect of the proposal was not the introduction of dual citizenship itself, since the option of obtaining a Hungarian second citizenship had long been available for permanent residents within the country. The innovation would have been to remove all residency requirements from among the pre-conditions of obtaining a Hungarian second citizenship.In the Hungarian referendum debate, the battle over dual citizenship has been cast as a debate between the nationalist right, as supporters, on the one hand, and the Europe oriented liberals, as opponents, on the other. Neither side in the Hungarian debate was able to present a coherent interpretation of those principles and international norms and practices that would support their respective positions. In the final analysis, it is quite possible that the conflicting stances of the left and the right will stem from concerns that are only vaguely connected to the problems of trans-border Hungarians.

Ambiguities of Emancipation : Women and the Ethnic Question in Hungary

Examines the ambiguous nature of women's political emancipation in Hungary & its relationship to ethnic issues. The liberation of women occurred during a time of great ethnic & social fragmentation of Hungarian society, shortly after the turn of the century. When the demand for women's suffrage became public, a large proportion of these vocal women were of ethnic minority groups. Women's suffrage thus became connected to the suffrage of minorities. Although women were given the vote in 1920, restrictions were placed on the attendance of women & Jews in public institutions. It is concluded that, for Hungarian feminism to survive under such conditions, it had to ignore many of the gender concerns associated with Western feminism; there was a destructive component to women's emancipation in Hungary. Adapted from the source document.

A numerus clausus és az orvosi antiszemitizmus a húszas években

The numerus clausus and anti-Semitism in the medical profession in the 1920s

A kisebbségek nemzetközi jogvédelmének politikai csapdája : Vázsonyi Vilmos és a numerus clausus

The ambiguities in the concept of the international protection of minorities

Book review : Ethnicity and Citizenship

This article reviews the book "Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany" by Rogers Brubaker.

Book review : The unfree professions : German lawyers, teachers, and engineers, 1900-1950

This article reviews the books "The unfree professions : German lawyers, teachers, and engineers, 1900-1950" by Konrad Hugo Jarausch and "The German experience of professionalization : modern learned professions and their organizations from the early nineteenth century to the Hitler era" by Charles E. McClelland.

Identitás és etnicitás : Zsidó identitásproblémák a háború utáni Magyarországon

Identity and ethnicity : The problems of Jewish identity in post-war Hungary

The Ideology of Illiberalism in the Professions : Leftist and Rightist Radicalism among Hungarian Doctors, Lawyers and Engineers, 1918-45

In the interwar period, Hungary's academic professions were transformed from a politically liberal & professionally orientated elite into an illiberal pressure group attracted to radical politics. Here, based on research in the archives of the Hungarian Chamber of Doctors, the Chamber of Engineers, & the Chamber of Lawyers, the special organizational & economic logic behind the radicalization of the professions is considered, with attention to the Jewish question, which inevitably played a role since 50+% of all lawyers & doctors (MDs) in Hungary at that time were Jews. The organizational segregation of Jewish professionals in the interwar period preceded the introduction of the anti-Jewish laws of 1938/39 that banned Jewish applicants from the professions. Later, after the German occupation of Hungary in Mar 1944, lists of Jewish MDs were directly handed over to the Nazis by the leadership of the Chamber of Doctors to ensure the quick & efficient deportation of Jewish MDs from the country in the months of the Hungarian Holocaust. The political behavior of the engineering & medical professions, both in the forefront of illiberal movements, is compared to that of the legal profession, which, at least in terms of its corporate policies, resisted joining forces with illiberal movements & governments.

Book review : Forradalom náthával?

This article reviews the book "We the people : The Revolution of ’89 witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin and Prague" by Timothy Garton Ash.

Luttes professionelles et antisemitisme : chronique de la montee du fascisme dans le corps medical hongrois 1920-1944

Occupational Struggles and Anti-Semitism : Chronicle of the Rise of Fascism in the Hungarian Medical Corps, 1920-1944The rise of anti-Semitism in the 1930s in Hungary was accompanied in medical circles by intensified competition between Jewish & non-Jewish MDs for the most lucrative sectors of the health market, & by increasingly firm state intervention to regulate this market (particularly by developing health insurance schemes). The corporatist-style MDs' federations, set up by the state in 1936 to counterbalance the growing influence of the right-wing MDs, were sites of confrontation between the pro-fascist & liberal sections of the medical corps. Even after the anti-Jewish legislation of 1938 & 1939 (which limited the proportion of Jewish MDs in the federations to first 20% & then 6%), the government continued to resist anti-Semitic extremism & applied the repressive laws in a liberal way so as to prevent disorganization of the public health service. The German invasion in Mar 1944 brought this liberal policy to an end, replacing it with the "final solution".